Glossary
AIX – Astana International Exchange, a stock exchange for investments in Kazakhstan and Central Asia, formed as part of the development of the Astana International Financial Centre. AIX's mission is to develop reliable and liquid capital markets in Central Asia and beyond by providing innovative products and services for businesses and investors.
ECOJER Association – Kazakhstan Association of Regional Environmental Initiative "ECOJER".
CAPEX – Capital expenditure
CDP – Carbon Disclosure Project (an international nonprofit organisation that helps companies and government agencies disclose their environmental impact.
CCS – Carbon capture and storage.
EBITDA (Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortisation) – earnings before depreciation, interest and CIT, as well as the share of profit/loss of equity accounted entities.
EPC – Engineering, Procrurement and Construction
EPC contract is a contract between a client and a contractor who takes responsibility for the design, procurement, construction of a facility and its commissioning.
FCA – Free career (carrier's delivery terms).
FCF – Free Cash Flow.
HSE – Health, Security and Environment.
IEA – The International Energy Agency.
IFC – the International Finance Corporation.
I-REC – International Renewable Energy Certificate, a market-based instrument certifing that electricity has been generated by renewable energy sources.
JDA – Supplier of Goods and Services.
LTIFR – Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate.
MASDAR – Arab company engaged in research in the field of future energy.
NAV – Net Assets Value.
PPA – Power Purchase Agreement.
PESTEL analysis is a methodology used to examine the impact of various external factors on a project. These factors include political (P), economic (E), social (S), technological (T), environmental (E) and legal (L).
ROACE – Return on Average Capital Employed.
SCADA – Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition.
SLB – Sustainability Linked Bonds.
SRA – Slot reservation agreement.
Samruk-Kazyna JSC is a Kazakhstan investment holding company established in 2008 to increase the national welfare of Kazakhstan and modernise its economy. The sole shareholder is the Government of Kazakhstan.
APCS is an automated process control system designed to monitor and control the operating modes of the equipment of the automation object.
ASCUE – Automated System of Electricity Control and Metering.
The balance of electric power of an energy system is a system of quantitative indicators reflecting the correlation between the volume of electricity generated within a power system and the total volume of its utilization, which includes consumption, own-use needs, losses in the electrical networks, as well as electricity flows between the given power system and other power systems.
Benchmarking is benchmarking as a process to identify, understand, and adapt current good practices to improve organisation’s performance. Analysis involves two processes: evaluation and comparison. Usually the best products and marketing process used by direct competitors and firms in other similar fields are taken as a baseline to see how the organisation can improve its products and practices.
RES are renewable energy sources, relatively constant or cyclical flows of energy derived from natural sources that are replenished at a rate higher than the rate of consumption. Renewable energy sources include: solar (SES) and wind power plants (WPP), small hydropower plants, biogas plants.
The World Bank is an international financial organisation established to provide financial and technical assistance to developing countries.
Wind farm – a wind farm, one or more wind turbines assembled in one or more locations and connected to a single grid. Large wind farms can consist of 100 or more wind turbines. Sometimes wind farms are called wind parks (wind farms).
GTP – Gas turbine plant.
GRES is a state district power plant/condensing power plant (CPP), a thermal power plant producing mainly electric power using local energy resource (peat, brown coal, etc.) and calculating preferential power supply to a particular energy district.
HPP – hydroelectric power plant, a power plant that uses the movement of water masses in channelised watercourses and tidal movements as a source of energy.
Monetary conditions/monetary policy (MPC) – government policy, a set of measures aimed at managing aggregate demand through money market conditions (short-term interest rate, nominal exchange rate or the level of current liquidity of the banking sector) to achieve a combination of end goals, which may include price stability, maintaining a stable exchange rate, financial stability and promoting balanced economic growth.
Subsidiaries and affiliates are subsidiaries and dependent organisations of the Group of companies of Samruk-Energy JSC.
EDB is the Eurasian Development Bank, an international financial institution that invests in Eurasia and promotes the strengthening and expansion of economic ties and comprehensive development of its member countries: Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan. The EDB's authorised capital is USD 7 billion. The main share of the EDB's portfolio is occupied by projects with integration effect in the areas of transport infrastructure, digital systems, green energy, agriculture, industry and mechanical engineering. The Bank's activities are guided by the UN Sustainable Development Goals and ESG principles.
EBRD – European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, an investment vehicle created to support private and business market economies and democracy in 34 countries from Central Europe to Central Asia.
UES RK – Unified Electric Power System of the Republic of Kazakhstan, a set of electric power stations, power lines and substations ensuring reliable and quality power supply to consumers of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
KASE – Kazakhstan Stock Exchange, a stock exchange headquartered in Almaty and ranked second among the CIS exchanges in terms of stock market capitalisation.
IFCA – International Financial Centre Astana, established on the initiative of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan Yelbasy Nursultan Nazarbayev. The purpose of the IFCA is to form a leading financial services centre of international level to facilitate and attract investments into the country's economy, create an attractive environment for investment in financial services, develop the securities market of the Republic of Kazakhstan and ensure its integration with international capital markets.
R&D – Research and development.
DSW – Design and survey works.
Operating profit represents income from operations less cost of sales, costs of sales and services, general and administrative expenses.
Available capacity is the installed capacity of a generating unit (power plant) minus its capacity limitations.
ROI (return on investment) is a strategic efficiency/return on investment/performance indicator that demonstrates the effectiveness of investments both for large budgets and for small expenditures to cover current needs.
Capacity market – capacity is a special commodity, the purchase of which gives a wholesale market participant the right to demand from capacity sellers to maintain generating equipment in a state of readiness to generate electricity.
PDS – Power Delivery System.
OHSMS is an occupational health and safety management system in an organisation/enterprise that ensures safety and health protection of all employees to prevent accidents and occupational diseases at work.
SPP – solar power plant, an engineering structure that converts solar radiation into electrical energy. The methods of converting solar energy are different and depend on the design of the power plant.
Feasibility study – a feasibility study of a project, a document that provides information on the feasibility/impracticality of creating a product or service, as well as analysing the costs and results of the project.
Installed capacity is the total nominal electrical capacity of electrical machines of the same type. The term is used to estimate the generated or consumed power of electrical systems of both individual organisations and enterprises, industries, and geographical regions as a whole. The nominal power can be either the nominal active power, expressed in watts, or the nominal total power, expressed in volt-amperes. In the power industry, the installed capacity of an electrical installation is also referred to as the highest active electrical power with which the electrical installation can operate for a long time without overload in accordance with the technical documentation for the equipment.
CPT is a cyclic-flow technology of coal mining and transportation at which the organisation of production is carried out in a single technological flow of the mining enterprise some processes are carried out in cyclic, others – in continuous modes.